Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

What are the Types of IBD?

Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. Most commonly, it affects the end of the small intestine and the colon. It causes deep inflammation that can affect the entire thickness of the bowel walls, which may lead to narrowing or other complications over time.

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Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis only affects the large bowel (colon and rectum). The inflammation starts in the rectum and can spread upwards. Unlike Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis typically only affects the innermost lining of the colon. Ulcers and continuous inflammation are common.

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What Are the Symptoms of IBD?

The symptoms of IBD can vary, but the most common ones include:

• Abdominal pain or cramping

• Chronic diarrhea, sometimes with blood or mucus

• Fatigue (feeling tired or weak all the time)

• Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite

• Nausea or vomiting

• Urgency to go to the bathroom or more frequent bowel movements

• Joint pain or inflammation

• Anemia, which can make you feel unusually tired or weak

Symptoms may come and go, with flare-ups followed by periods of remission, where you feel better.

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What Causes IBD?

While the exact cause of IBD isn't fully understood, it's believed to result from a combination of factors:

• Genetics: If someone in your family has IBD, you may be more likely to develop it.

• Immune System: IBD is thought to happen when your immune system mistakenly attacks the lining of your digestive tract.

• Environmental Factors: Things like diet, infections, stress, or medications can sometimes trigger or worsen symptoms.

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How is IBD Diagnosed?

If you’re experiencing symptoms of IBD, Mr Ferguson may do several tests to make a diagnosis:

• Blood tests to check for signs of inflammation or anemia.

• Stool tests to rule out infections, and to look for signs of inflammation.

• Endoscopy (like a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy) to look inside the colon or other parts of your digestive system.

• Imaging tests (such as CT scans or MRIs) to get pictures of your intestines.

 

How is IBD Treated?

Your treatment plan will depend on the type of IBD, how severe it is, and your overall health. Common treatments include:

1. Medications:

   • Anti-inflammatory drugs (like mesalazine) can reduce inflammation in the digestive tract.

   • Immunosuppressive drugs (like steroids or thiopurines) help calm your immune system and reduce inflammation.

   • Biologic therapies (like infliximab or adalimumab) target specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation.

   • Antibiotics may be used if there’s an infection or complications such as abscesses.

2. Lifestyle:

   • Exercise and stress management can also help. Regular physical activity, along with techniques like yoga or meditation, may improve your overall well-being.

3. Surgery:
   For severe cases, surgery might be needed, especially if medications aren’t enough to control symptoms. In ulcerative colitis, some people may need their colon removed (called a colectomy). In Crohn’s disease, surgery may be necessary to remove or widen affected parts of the intestines.

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Living with IBD

Living with IBD can be challenging, but most people with these conditions manage to live happy, fulfilling lives. Here are some tips:

• Regular check-ups: It’s important to visit your doctor regularly to track your condition and adjust treatment if needed.

• Support: Joining an IBD support group or talking with others who understand what you're going through can be very helpful.

• Stay informed: Understanding your condition and learning about treatment options can empower you to make decisions that improve your health.

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What Are the Risks and Complications of IBD?

When IBD is not well-managed, it can lead to complications, including:

• Blockages or narrowings in the intestines.

• Fistulas (abnormal connections between different parts of the body).

• Colon cancer, particularly in long-standing IBD.

• Nutritional deficiencies from difficulty absorbing vitamins and minerals.

• Issues outside the gut, like skin rashes, joint pain, or liver problems.

 

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Conclusion

While IBD is a lifelong condition, many people are able to control their symptoms and live healthy, active lives. The most important thing is to work closely with your healthcare team to develop a treatment plan that works for you. If you're having symptoms or think you may have IBD, don’t hesitate to contact Mr Ferguson for an appointment.

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For more information, or if you need support, consider reaching out to organisations such as Crohn's and Colitis UK.